replaced ecosystem

См. также в других словарях:

• Ecosystem — An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro organisms(biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.Christopherson, RW (1996) Geosystems: An …   Wikipedia

• Ecosystem services — Pollination by a bumblebee, a type of ecosystem service Humankind benefits from a multitude of resources and processes that are supplied by natural ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are known as ecosystem services and include products like …   Wikipedia

• boundary ecosystem — ▪ biology Introduction       complex of living organisms in areas where one body of water meets another, e.g., estuaries and lagoons, or where a body of water meets the land, e.g., marshes. The latter are often called wetlands.       Boundary… …   Universalium

• Payment for ecosystem services — Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), also known as Payments for Environmental Services (or Benefits) broadly defined, is the practice of offering incentives to farmers or landowners in exchange for managing their land to provide some sort of… …   Wikipedia

• environment — environmental, adj. environmentally, adv. /en vuy reuhn meuhnt, vuy euhrn /, n. 1. the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings; milieu. 2. Ecol. the air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors… …   Universalium

• Ecological succession — Succession after disturbance: a boreal forest one (left) and two years (right) after a wildfire. Ecological succession, is the phenomenon or process by which a community progressively transforms itself until a stable community is formed. It is a… …   Wikipedia

• native American — native American, adj. a person born in the United States. [1835 45, Amer.] * * * ▪ indigenous peoples of Canada and United States Introduction also called  American Indian,  Amerindian,  Amerind,  Indian,  Aboriginal American,  or  First Nation… …   Universalium

• Native American — Indian (def. 1). Usage. See Indian, Eskimo. * * * ▪ indigenous peoples of Canada and United States Introduction also called  American Indian,  Amerindian,  Amerind,  Indian,  Aboriginal A …   Universalium

• Food web — A freshwater aquatic and terrestrial food web. A food web (or food cycle) depicts feeding connections (what eats what) in an ecological community. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the …   Wikipedia

• Dinosaur Park Formation — Stratigraphic range: Late Cretaceous, 76.5–75 Ma …   Wikipedia

• Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology       In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …   Universalium